Under orders from President Gorbachev, Soviet troops begin withdrawing from Czechoslovakia. ╞Thurgood Marshall becomes the first black U.S. Supreme Court Justice. »President Nixon makes a historic trip to mainland China, then visits Moscow three months later. ┤In an attempt to impress actress Jodie Foster, John W. Hinckley, Jr. tries to kill the president. ╜Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev, who boasted he would bury the West, dies. │President Johnson shocks the nation by announcing he will not run for re-election. ░Prince Charles' mother is crowned Queen of England. íSenator Joseph McCarthy first points an accusing finger at alleged Communists in the U.S. government. ₧John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the earth; New York gives him a huge ticker tape parade. ¬The United Nations holds its first session at its new home on a tract of land in New York City. áNovember 11 is designated Veterans Day, replacing the old Armistice Day from World War I. áTom Bradley becomes the first black mayor of Los Angeles by winning a runoff election. ╡The FBI sting operation, "Abscam", nabs several corrupt politicians. ╝Soviet troops invade Czechoslovakia to crush the "Prague Spring" period of liberalization. ░With former King Farouk in exile, Gamal Nasser becomes President of the new republic of Egypt. óEast Germany erects a wall between East and West Berlin. ⌐Black militant professor Angela Davis is acquitted of murder, kidnapping, and conspiracy charges. ┤U.S. airborne forces make an unsuccessful attempt to rescue the American hostages in Iran. ╝Governor George Wallace states he will ignore an injunction to integrate the University of Alabama. ½The U.S. thumbs its nose at the Soviets by launching America's first satellite, "Explorer I". ªThe most influential Arab in the world, Egypt's President Nasser, dies in Cairo at age 52. ▓Priest Daniel Berrigan is accused of conspiracy to kidnap Henry Kissinger. │Pan American and KLM 747 jets collide on a runway in the Canary Islands, leaving 582 dead. ╣Professor Anita Hill testifies that Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas sexually harassed her. ╟The Yom Kippur War, the fourth major Arab-Israeli conflict, begins on October 6th. ╡The Episcopal Church approves the ordination of women to be priests and bishops. ╕U.S. hostages held in Iran are freed after 444 days of captivity. ╜Philadelphia police attack the radical group MOVE and set off a devastating multi-block fire. ┴Nineteen years after the first tethered space walk, shuttle astronauts float freely in space. └Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. marches on Washington and delivers his "I Have A Dream" speech. ½Former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos dies at age 72, an exile in Honolulu. ┼Reagan denies that wife Nancy had anything to do with the dismissal of Chief of Staff Don Regan. ├Despite reputed underworld ties, Jimmy Hoffa takes over the Teamsters Union. ÑDemocrat John F. Kennedy is elected the 35th President of the United States. ¿The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, known as OPEC, is formed. ¿Soviet Premier Georgi Malenkov announces the Soviet Union has developed the H-bomb. íThe U.S. Government bans the use of cyclamates as an artificial sweetener. ▒An FBI agent, Richard W. Miller, and two Soviet émigrés are arrested and charged with espionage. └Radical black leader Malcolm X is shot to death by rival Black Muslims. ¡The Dow Jones industrial average first surges over the 2,000 mark to a record 2,002.25. ├AFL meets CIO and merges to form the most powerful national workers union, headed by George Meany. úOn "Bloody Sunday", 500 blacks are beaten by police as they march for civil rights in Selma. ¡Militant students seize the U.S. Embassy in Iran, taking 62 Americans hostage. ╗Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman elected Prime Minister of Great Britain. ╗The Democrats nominate Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis for president. ─Housing developer William J. Levitt makes the cover of "Time", as suburbia becomes the new place to live. ₧Serial murderer Ted Bundy, suspected of killing possibly 100 women, is executed in Florida. ┼U.S. involvement in Vietnam escalates when American ships are fired upon in the Gulf of Tonkin. ¼Members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) seize the historic community of Wounded Knee, South Dakota. ╡A disastrous nuclear accident at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union spreads radiation across Europe. ┬Dr. Christiaan Barnard, a South African surgeon, performs the first human heart transplant. »President Nixon orders the destruction of all U.S. germ weapons. ▒The U.S. sends $10 million in food and medicine to Biafra when its civil war finally ends. ▓Former President Harry S Truman dies in Kansas City, Missouri, on the day after Christmas. ┤President Reagan and other diplomats return to the Normandy beaches to mark D-Day's 40th anniversary. └U.S.-trained, exiled Cuban rebels unsuccessfully attempt an invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. ⌐Following in the footsteps of her father, Nehru, Indira Gandhi becomes India's Prime Minister. «A scandal in D.C.: Mayor Marion Barry is videotaped, then charged with using crack cocaine. ╞In San Francisco, surgery on an unborn baby is performed successfully for the first time. ╜Young Matthias Rust lands a small plane in Moscow's Red Square. ├To lessen the chances of accidental war, a hotline phone is installed between Washington and Moscow. ½The Supreme Court rules that all criminal defendants have the right to free legal counsel. ½ ╟Columbia University is shut down for six days when 600 militants seize five campus buildings. ░On the 10th anniversary of the Soweto uprising, millions of blacks strike in South Africa. ┬The United Nations admits Communist China and expels Nationalist China by a vote of 76 to 35. │North Vietnamese and Vietcong troops triumphantly enter Saigon as the Vietnam War finally ends. ╖"Legionnaires' disease" kills 29 people attending an American Legion convention in Philadelphia. ╕Corazon Aquino becomes President of the Philippines when Marcos flees the country. ┬The Italian luxury liner "Andrea Doria" tragically sinks off the coast of Nantucket. ñThe Supreme Court upholds the 14th Amendment and outlaws racial segregation in public schools. óLady Diana, Princess of Wales. gives birth to her first child, the heir apparent to the British throne. ╛Baby Fae, born with a fatal heart defect, gets the heart of a baboon in a pioneering operation. └Sir Winston Churchill retires two years after receiving the Nobel Prize for literature. úAmerican-educated Golda Meir becomes the Israeli Prime Minister. ▒Jim Bakker, head of the PTL, is convicted of fraud and conspiracy. ┼The Camp David Summit with Sadat, Begin, and Carter takes place. ║South African political leader Steven Biko is arrested and dies while in police custody. ╣Assassins take the life of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat as he reviews a parade in Cairo. ╜Lesley Brown gives birth in England to Louise, the first "Test Tube Baby". ║President Harry Truman survives an assassination attempt by two Puerto Rican nationalists. ₧A U.S. astronaut and a Soviet cosmonaut shake hands in space when the Apollo and Soyuz dock. ╖Chrysler becomes the major automaker to offer rebates on new car purchases. ╖Archbishop Oscar Romero, El Salvadoran human rights activist, is assassinated while saying mass. ╝The American space station Skylab burns up on re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. ╗A U.S. President's service is limited to two terms as the 22nd Amendment is ratified. ƒA hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica is detected. ┴ ╟Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the first woman to be appointed a Supreme Court Justice. ╜Artist Andy Warhol is shot by Valeria Solanis, an actress he hired to perform in his films. ░J. Edgar Hoover, director of the FBI for 48 years, dies at age 77. ┤U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas dies at age 81. ╝Faced with continuing unrest in French Algeria, General Charles De Gaulle returns to power in France. ªDr. Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive an artificial heart. ╛Nasser's dream of a united Arab state is ended when Syria revolts to end its union with Egypt. ⌐At age 35, Martin Luther king, Jr. becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. ¼The Alaska pipeline opens, carrying oil 799 miles from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez. ╣After losing the race for California governor, Nixon says you won't have him "to kick around anymore". ¬West Point honor suffers a blow as 90 cadets are dismissed for cheating. ƒIndia explodes an atomic bomb and becomes the sixth nation to join the nuclear club. ╢Benazir Bhutto, daughter of executed Prime Minister Bhutto, becomes Pakistan's new Prime Minister. ─Really "high tech!" The B-52 bomber takes to the air for the first time. áIn Illinois, Richard Speck receives the death penalty for murdering eight student nurses. »U.S. spacecraft "Viking I" makes the first successful landing on Mars. ╕To the world's horror, Chinese troops crush protesting students in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. ┼Soviet tanks crush an uprising in Hungary as rebels make a last bid for freedom. ñThe USSR and western Allies pull out of Austria, ending their 10-year joint occupation. úAlan B. Shepard, Jr. makes the first U.S. space flight, traveling 116.5 miles above the earth. ⌐A car driven by Senator Edward Kennedy plunges into the water on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts. ▒Arriving in Romania, Nixon becomes the first president in 24 years to visit a communist country. ▒Ebbets Field, home of the much loved Brooklyn Dodgers for 44 years, is demolished. ¿Former guerilla leader Yitzhak Shamir is elected Israeli Premier, replacing Menachim Begin. ┐The Watts Race Riots in Los Angeles leave 35 dead and 4,000 arrested. ¡The Soviet Union calls him Mikhail Gorbachev; Time magazine calls him "Man of the Decade". ╞The U.S. government creates the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. íThe Strategic Defense Initiative, or "Star Wars", is originally proposed by President Reagan. ┐Alfred Kinsey follows up his 1948 male sex report with "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female". íFormer Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, David Duke loses a close Senate race in Louisiana. ╞A serious accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in Pennsylvania threatens the area. ╗Gorbachev ascends to the Soviet leadership upon the death of Konstantin Chernenko. ┴Geraldine Ferraro becomes the first female vice presidential candidate on a major party ticket. └Sir Edmund Hillary piques the world's interest in peaks by reaching the top of Mount Everest. íThe United States begins its first broadcast of Radio Free Europe in the eastern bloc. ƒThe first mechanical heart used on a human keeps the patient alive for 80 minutes during surgery. áFrequently steaming since its last eruption in 1857, Mt. St. Helens blows its top. ╝Andrei Sakharov, the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. ╖Closed for eight years because of the Arab-Israeli War, the Suez Canal is finally reopened by Egypt. ╖Nixon delivers his TV "Checkers" speech, evoking images of Pay's cloth coat and his little dog. áSouth American guerilla leader, Ernesto Che Guevara, is killed by government forces. »Soviet author and sissident, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, wins the Nobel Prize for literature. ▓Benigno Aquino is assassinated as he gets off a plane in the Philippines. ┐Six western European countries sign an economic treaty to form a "common market" for their products. ÑThe Supreme Court negates an Arkansas law forbidding the teaching of evolution in schools. ░Arab terrorists hijack the Italian ocean liner "Achille Lauro" and kill an American passenger. ┴The United States Supreme Court rules that interracial marriage cannot be banned by states. »The Fair Labor Standards Act is passed, increasing the minimum legal wage to $1.15. ⌐Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Ray. ░Neraly 3,000 try to crash the Newport, RI, society wedding of John Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier. íRonald Reagan, former actor, is elected Governor of California. «Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev falls from power, and is replaced by Aleksei Kosygin. ¼The "Triton" becomes the first submarine to circumnavigate the earth underwater. ¿Alabama Governor George Wallace is shot and left partially paralyzed. ┤The U.S. accidentally loses an H-bomb in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Spain. «San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Harvey Milk are shot to death in city hall by Dan White. ║During a Vietnam War protest, four Kent State students are killed by the National Guard. ▓Militant Arab nationalist Muammar Khadafy becomes Premier of Libya. ▓Russia's Josef Stalin dies, ending his reign of "Red Terror". íYasir Arafat unites Arabs under the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). ▒A treaty freezes territorial claims for 30 years, and reserves Antarctica for scientific research. ⌐Amy Carter and Abbie Hoffman are among those arrested at an anti-CIA protest in Massachusetts. ┬One of the worst hotel fires in history erupts at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, killing 96. ┬Millions of Americans join together to protest pollution during the first celebration of Earth Day. ▓The Civil Rights Act is passed, banning discrimination by sex, race, religion, or national origin. ¼Chicago riots when anti-war demonstrators clash with police during the Democratic convention. ░The Soviet Union wins the race to send a man in space by putting Major Yuri Gagarin into orbit. ⌐Charlie Strakweather and his 14-year-old girlfriend are arrested after killing 11 victims. ªDavid Eisenhower and Julie Nixon announce their engagement. »The Atomic Energy Commission refuses security clearance for A-bomb physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. óAmnesty International is created to enforce human rights throughout the world. ⌐Reverend Barbara Davis is elected the first woman bishop in the Episcopal Church. ─Space probe "Mariner II' transmits the first live information about another planet---Venus. ¬President Bush proposes a new constitutional amendment banning flag-burning; the Senate rejects it. ┼Accused rapist Gary Dotson is freed from prison when his accuser admits she lied. ┴The Mational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is formed to explore space and rocketry. ªA tragic terrorist attack against Israeli athletes disrupts the Munich Olympics. ┤Richard Nixon agrees to pay $432,787 to the IRS in back taxes. ╢Earvin "Magic" Johnson shocks the nation when he discloses that he has tested positive for HIV. ╟Juan Corona is found guilty of killing 25 migrant farm workers in California. ╡The National Organization for Women (NOW) is founded by Betty Friedan to help women gain equal rights. «The U.S. Congress enacts a federal law that guarantees equal pay for equal work. ½SEATO, The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, is formed to curb Communism in Asia. óLt. William Calley is brought to trial on murder charges for the massacre of civilians at My Lai. ▒Rock 'n' roll fans are stunned by the breakup of the Beatles. ▓General Motors orders a secret investigation into the life of Ralph Nader, auto-safety critic. «Walter Mondale loses the presidential race to Ronald Reagan. └The Iran Contra scandal breaks, involving President Reagan in an "arms for hostages" deal. ┬Four fatal Amtrak train crashes in one month are linked to negligence due to drug use. └The Hope Diamond, linked with tragedy for over 300 years, is given to the Smithsonian Institution. ªSecretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces the end of the military draft. ╡Jonas Salk first innoculates children against polio in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. óAlger Hiss, State Department official, is convicted of being a Communist spy. ₧The St. Lawrence Seaway, shared by U.S. and Canada, opens to link the Great Lakes with the Atlantic. ºThe first docking occurs in space, as Gemini 8 and an Agena spacecraft link together. «Author Truman Capote dies 18 years after the publication of his masterful work, "In Cold Blood". └The leftist college group SDS (Students for a Democratic Society) is founded. ¬Thirty-five nations meet in Finland to declare the Helsinki Accords on Human Rights. ╖Brutain becomes the third nuclear-armed nation as Churchill announces its atomic bomb development. áSam Ervin, Jr., famed chairman of the "Watergate Committee", dies in North Carolina. ┴The U.S. holds the first military draft lottery since 1942. ▒For illegal insider Wall Street trading,Ivan Boesky is penalized $100 million. ┬After becoming a prime suspect in his pregnant wife's murder case, Charles Stuart commits suicide. ╞Marxist Sandinista guerrillas take power in Nicaragua as Somoza flees the country. ╗The Soviet Union shoots down Korean Airlines commercial flight 007, claiming it was a spy plane for the U.S. ┐After ten years in a coma, Karen Ann Quinlan dies at age 31. ┴Reagan orders a probe of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow amid charges that marine guards helped Soviet spies. ├The USSR and other eastern bloc nations boycott the L.A. Olympics. └"Apollo 15" astronauts use a battery-powered lunar rover to drive around on the moon's surface. │Leon Jaworski is named "Koreagate" prosecutor to investigate bribes by U.S. companies. ╣
